RED LIGHT THERAPY RESEARCH
The following is just a few of the Red Light Therapy studies available on www.PubMed.com
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=red+light+and+near+infrared+light+therapy&size=200
Photobiomodulation (low-level light therapy) and dry eye disease.
Markoulli M, Chandramohan N, Papas EB.Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Jul;104(5):561-566. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878866. Epub 2021 Feb 27.PMID: 33689636 Free article.
Treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction aim to restore tear film homoeostasis and include warm compress therapy, eyelid hygiene, in-office meibomian gland expression and lipid-containing, artificial tears. A recent introduction to the in-office treatments available for …
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The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy.
Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK, Huang YY, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR.Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Feb;40(2):516-33. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7. Epub 2011 Nov 2.PMID: 22045511 Free PMC article. Review.
In recent years the field sometimes known as photobiomodulation has broadened to include light-emitting diodes and other light sources, and the range of wavelengths used now includes many in the red and near infrared. ...Serious life-threatening …
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Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring.
Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR.Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Mar;32(1):41-52.PMID: 24049929 Free PMC article. Review.
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. Although skin is naturally exposed to light more tha …
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Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Controlling Onset and Progression of Myopia-a Review.
Zhu Q, Cao X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Xue L.Int J Med Sci. 2023 Sep 4;20(10):1363-1376. doi: 10.7150/ijms.85746. eCollection 2023.PMID: 37786442 Free PMC article. Review.
Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL), characterized by increased energy supply and cellular metabolism, thus enhancing metabolic repair processes, has gained persistent worldwide attention in recent years as a new novel scientific approach for therapeutic application …
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Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy.
Glass GE.Aesthet Surg J. 2021 May 18;41(6):723-738. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjab025.PMID: 33471046 Review.
The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy, a process termed "photobiomodulation," enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, and attenuates oxidative stress. ...RESULTS: A reasonable body of clinical tria …
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review.
Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rasta SH, Hamblin MR.Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6601-6636. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4. Epub 2018 Jan 11.PMID: 29327206 Free PMC article. Review.
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondr …
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Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia.
Tantiyavarong J, Charoensuksira S, Meephansan J, Hanvivattanakul S, Rayanasukha Y, Boonkoom T, Tantisantisom K.Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2024 Nov;40(6):e13004. doi: 10.1111/phpp.13004.PMID: 39368074 Clinical Trial.
While current treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have efficacy limitations and side effects, low-level light therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared light has emerged as a promising alternative. ...Notably, the red LED …
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Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation.
Tsai SR, Hamblin MR.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 May;170:197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 Apr 13.PMID: 28441605 Free PMC article. Review.
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and 100,000nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengt …
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Photobiomodulation CME part II: Clinical applications in dermatology.
Mineroff J, Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Lim HW, Kohli I, Jagdeo J.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Nov;91(5):805-815. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.074. Epub 2024 Feb 1.PMID: 38307144 Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology with increasing office and home-based use. PBM is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrum as a form of l …
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Marinho MAG, Marques MDS, Cordeiro MF, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D, Horn AP.Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2022;22(17):2985-2997. doi: 10.2174/1871520622666220425093657.PMID: 35469576
OBJECTIVE: Our work aimed to carry out a qualitative systematic review to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a molecule considered as PS of natural origin, on PDT, using red light or near-infrared radiation in tumor models. METHODS: A systemati …
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Photobiomodulation CME part I: Overview and mechanism of action.
Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J, Jagdeo J, Kohli I, Lim HW.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Nov;91(5):793-802. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.073. Epub 2024 Feb 1.PMID: 38309304 Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM), previously known as low-level laser light therapy, represents a noninvasive form of phototherapy that utilizes wavelengths in the red light (RL, 620-700 nm) portion of the visible light (VL, 400-700 nm) spectrum and the …
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Red and Near-Infrared Light-Cleavable Polymers.
Zeng X, Zhou X, Wu S.Macromol Rapid Commun. 2018 Jul;39(14):e1800034. doi: 10.1002/marc.201800034. Epub 2018 Jul 20.PMID: 29682838 Review.
Photocleavable polymers have attracted much attention in drug delivery, photopatterning, and controlling cell behavior. Photolysis is usually induced by UV light. However, UV light cannot penetrate deeply into biological tissue and may damage biological components. …
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Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation.
Hamblin MR.Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):199-212. doi: 10.1111/php.12864. Epub 2018 Jan 19.PMID: 29164625 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as …
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Photodynamic therapy in endodontics.
Plotino G, Grande NM, Mercade M.Int Endod J. 2019 Jun;52(6):760-774. doi: 10.1111/iej.13057. Epub 2018 Dec 25.PMID: 30548497 Review.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in endodontics. ...The concept of photodyna …
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Yaralı Çevik ZB, Karaman O, Topaloğlu N.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2023 Jan;238:112615. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112615. Epub 2022 Dec 2.PMID: 36493718
One of the novel strategies for bone tissue regeneration is photobiomodulation (PBM) which depends on the red and near-infrared light absorption by mitochondria and may trigger bone tissue regeneration via the production of intracellular ROS and ATP, N …
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Photobiomodulation: lasers vs. light emitting diodes?
Heiskanen V, Hamblin MR.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018 Aug 8;17(8):1003-1017. doi: 10.1039/c8pp90049c.PMID: 30044464 Free PMC article.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a treatment method based on research findings showing that irradiation with certain wavelengths of red or near-infrared light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in cells, tissues, animals and humans. …
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A clinical review of phototherapy for psoriasis.
Zhang P, Wu MX.Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Jan;33(1):173-180. doi: 10.1007/s10103-017-2360-1. Epub 2017 Oct 24.PMID: 29067616 Free PMC article. Review.
In the past several decades, phototherapy has been widely used to treat stable psoriatic lesions, including trunk, scalp, arms and legs, and partial nail psoriasis. A variety of light/lasers with different mechanisms of action have been developed for psoriasis including ul …
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Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation.
Hamblin MR.AIMS Biophys. 2017;4(3):337-361. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337. Epub 2017 May 19.PMID: 28748217 Free PMC article.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. ...There is a pronounced biphasic dose response whereby low levels of …
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Lee SY, Lee R, Kim E, Lee S, Park YI.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Apr 16;8:275. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00275. eCollection 2020.PMID: 32373598 Free PMC article.
Elucidation of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can be excited by near-infrared (NIR) light is an interesting topic in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the PDT efficiency of conventional UCNPs is limited due to the low quantum y …
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Effects of red and near-infrared LED light therapy on full-thickness skin graft in rats.
Martignago CCS, Tim CR, Assis L, Da Silva VR, Santos ECBD, Vieira FN, Parizotto NA, Liebano RE.Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Feb;35(1):157-164. doi: 10.1007/s10103-019-02812-6. Epub 2019 Jun 5.PMID: 31168678
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo response of different wavelengths (red and near-infrared) of light-emitting diode (LED) on full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG) in rats. Thirty rats were randomly allocated into three experimental g …
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Moradi A, Ghaffari Novin M, Bayat M.Reprod Sci. 2024 Nov;31(11):3275-3302. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01657-x. Epub 2024 Aug 2.PMID: 39095677
This systematic review's main idea is a comprehensive appraisal of the literatures on subjects of PBMT consequences in four light ranges wavelength (blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR)) on sperm cell characteristics, in vitro and in vivo. ...Also, se …
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Engineered bacteria for near-infrared light-inducible expression of cancer therapeutics.
Qiao L, Niu L, Wang Z, Deng Z, Di D, Ma X, Zhou Y, Kong D, Wang Q, Yin J, Jin L, Sun J, Feng B, Lu W, Cai F, Guan N, Ye H.Nat Cancer. 2025 Apr;6(4):612-628. doi: 10.1038/s43018-025-00932-3. Epub 2025 Mar 17.PMID: 40097656
Bacteria-based therapies hold great promise for cancer treatment due to their selective tumor colonization and proliferation. However, clinical application is hindered by the need for safe, precise control systems to regulate local therapeutic payload expression and releas …
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Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?
Ferraresi C, Huang YY, Hamblin MR.J Biophotonics. 2016 Dec;9(11-12):1273-1299. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201600176. Epub 2016 Nov 22.PMID: 27874264 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sport …
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Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke.
Hamblin MR.J Neurosci Res. 2018 Apr;96(4):731-743. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24190. Epub 2017 Nov 13.PMID: 29131369 Free PMC article. Review.
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dy …
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Naeser MA, Martin PI, Ho MD, Krengel MH, Bogdanova Y, Knight JA, Yee MK, Zafonte R, Frazier J, Hamblin MR, Koo BB.Photomed Laser Surg. 2016 Dec;34(12):610-626. doi: 10.1089/pho.2015.4037.PMID: 28001756 Review.
We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the …
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Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders.
Hamblin MR.BBA Clin. 2016 Oct 1;6:113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002. eCollection 2016 Dec.PMID: 27752476 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. ...In this transcranial PBM (tPBM) application, n …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Garmanchuk LV, Stepanova LI, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY.J Cell Physiol. 2019 Sep;234(9):15989-16002. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28257. Epub 2019 Feb 11.PMID: 30741423
Red and near-infrared (NIR) light effect on Ca(2+) ions flux through the influence on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and their functioning in HeLa cells was studied in vitro. ...The laser light was found to elevate Ca(2+) influx into ce …
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Stepanov YV, Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Garmanchuk LV, Gorbach O, Stepanova LI, Khranovska N, Ostapchenko LI, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2022 Feb;227:112388. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112388. Epub 2022 Jan 12.PMID: 35074677
Irradiation with red or near-infrared (NIR) light in low level light therapy (LLLT) is found to stimulate cellular processes and bioenergetics, resulting in enhanced wound healing, pain control, neurodegenerative diseases treatment, etc. …
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Therapeutic effect and mechanism of far-red/near-infrared light on lens-induced myopia Guinea pigs.
Ding J, Wang X, Cao F, Gao Y, Wang C, Xu T, Ni Q, Bao N, Chen L, Tao L, Liu D.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Sep 1;777:152282. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152282. Epub 2025 Jul 1.PMID: 40614322
PURPOSE: In order to providing an experimental and theoretical bases for the clinical application of FR/NIR in myopia treatment, this work investigated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of far-red/near-infrared light (FR/NIR) intervent …
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Heiskanen V, Pfiffner M, Partonen T.Ageing Res Rev. 2020 Aug;61:101089. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101089. Epub 2020 May 25.PMID: 32464190 Review.
In this review, we present tentative evidence showing that red and near-infrared light, both being present in sunlight, could explain the associations between sunlight exposure and better health status. Body irradiation with red and near- …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Stepanova LI, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Jan;214:112088. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112088. Epub 2020 Nov 21.PMID: 33278762
Low level light therapy uses light of specific wavelengths in red and near-infrared spectral range to treat various pathological conditions. This light is able to modulate biochemical cascade reactions in cells that can have import …
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Pixley JN, Chandy RJ, Richardson I, Jorizzo JL, Feldman SR.J Dermatolog Treat. 2023 Dec;34(1):2251619. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2251619.PMID: 37674258 Free article.
AIM: Low-level light therapy (LLLT) may offer an adjunctive therapeutic tool for inflammatory skin conditions. This pilot study assessed the efficacy of a red/near-infrared (NIR)-emitting fabric for psoriasis, polymorphous light eruption …
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Barolet AC, Litvinov IV, Barolet D.Nitric Oxide. 2021 Dec 1;117:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Sep 16.PMID: 34536586 Free article. Review.
However, with the likelihood of skin deleterious effects caused by UVR/blue light, safer wavelengths in the red/near-infrared (NIR) spectrum are becoming potential contenders to release cutaneous NO, possibly via NOS temperature-dependent effects. The …
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Towards translational optogenetics.
Bansal A, Shikha S, Zhang Y.Nat Biomed Eng. 2023 Apr;7(4):349-369. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00829-3. Epub 2022 Jan 13.PMID: 35027688 Review.
Optogenetics is widely used to interrogate the neural circuits underlying disease and has most recently been harnessed for therapeutic applications. The optogenetic toolkit consists of light-responsive proteins that modulate specific cellular functions, vectors for the del …
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Yadav A, Gupta A.Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017 Jan;33(1):4-13. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12282.PMID: 27943458 Review.
This review will describe the physical properties of red and near-infrared light and their interaction with skin and highlight their efficacy of wound repair and regeneration. Near-infrared (800-830 nm) was found to be the most effective …
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Development of Ruthenium Nanophotocages with Red or Near-Infrared Light-Responsiveness.
Zhang Z, He M, Wang R, Fan J, Peng X, Sun W.Chembiochem. 2023 Dec 14;24(24):e202300606. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202300606. Epub 2023 Oct 25.PMID: 37837285 Review.
The development of light-triggered ruthenium (Ru) nanophotocages has revolutionized conventional methods of drug administration, thereby facilitating cancer therapy in a noninvasive and temperate manner. ...Simultaneously, this process is accompanied by the generati …
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Transcranial red and near infrared light transmission in a cadaveric model.
Jagdeo JR, Adams LE, Brody NI, Siegel DM.PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047460. Epub 2012 Oct 15.PMID: 23077622 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low level light therapy has garnered significant interest within the past decade. The exact molecular mechanisms of how red and near infrared light result in physiologic modulation are not fully understood. ...Se …
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Evidence-based consensus on the clinical application of photobiomodulation.
Maghfour J, Mineroff J, Ozog DM, Jagdeo J, Lim HW, Kohli I, Anderson R, Kelly KM, Mamalis A, Munavalli G, Cleber F, Siegel D, Geneva I, Weiss R, Morita A, Juanita A, Goldman MP, Arany PR, Sliney D, Ibrahimi OA, Chopp M, Esmat S, Tuner J.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025 Aug;93(2):429-443. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2025.04.031. Epub 2025 Apr 17.PMID: 40253006 Free article.
The key findings that informed the consensus developed by the expert panel were as follows: PBM is a safe treatment modality for adult patients and red light PBM does not induce DNA damage. PBM is an effective treatment option for peripheral neuropathy, androgenic a …
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Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Nano-Therapeutics and Photo-Thermal Evaluation.
Vats M, Mishra SK, Baghini MS, Chauhan DS, Srivastava R, De A.Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 28;18(5):924. doi: 10.3390/ijms18050924.PMID: 28452928 Free PMC article. Review.
To achieve the aforementioned objectives, there is a need to optimize design considerations in order to not only obtain an effective imaging agent but to also achieve attributes like favorable water solubility, biocompatibility, high molecular brightness, and a tissue specific ta …
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL Jr, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T.Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Feb;37(2):77-84. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4489.PMID: 31050928 Free PMC article.
Objective: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. ...Materia …
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Visible Blue Light Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.
Garza ZCF, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW, Liebmann J.Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(40):5564-5577. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206.PMID: 28748760 Review.
Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum. ...METHODS: The lit …
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Wang K, Zhao H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Cheng Y, Ge J.Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2433684. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2433684. Epub 2024 Nov 28.PMID: 39607829 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM), which utilizes low levels of red or near-infrared laser to irradiate cells and tissues, has been shown to be efficacious for a wide range of organ damage. ...
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A new perspective on delivery of red-near-infrared light therapy for disorders of the brain.
Hart NS, Fitzgerald M.Discov Med. 2016 Sep;22(120):147-156.PMID: 27755969 Free article.
Red-near-infrared light has been used for a range of therapeutic purposes. However, clinical trials of near-infrared laser light for treatment of stroke were abandoned after failing interim futility analyses. ...Importantly, natura …
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The effect of red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) irradiation on inflammatory processes.
Walski T, Dąbrowska K, Drohomirecka A, Jędruchniewicz N, Trochanowska-Pauk N, Witkiewicz W, Komorowska M.Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Sep;95(9):1326-1336. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625464. Epub 2019 Aug 7.PMID: 31170016 Review.
Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) and red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) radiation are increasingly applied for therapeutic use. ...Methods: In this review, we discuss the potential effects of exposure to R/NIR light on immune cells in the cont …
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Quirk B, Whelan HT.Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2021 Jul;39(7):463-470. doi: 10.1089/photob.2020.4978. Epub 2021 Jun 10.PMID: 34115530 Free article.
Background: Most theories of photobiomodulation (PBM) involve the enzyme CCO as a cellular target for red-to-near infrared light (R-NIR) irradiation. Attempts to measure the effect of irradiation on the kinetics of CCO have failed to demonstrate a sign …
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Johnstone DM, Moro C, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J.Front Neurosci. 2016 Jan 11;9:500. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00500. eCollection 2015.PMID: 26793049 Free PMC article. Review.
They develop after a progressive death of many neurons in the brain. Although therapies are available to treat the signs and symptoms of both diseases, the progression of neuronal death remains relentless, and it has proved difficult to slow or stop. Hence, there is a need …
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Near-infrared phototheranostics of tumors with protoporphyrin IX and chlorin e6 photosensitizers.
Efendiev K, Alekseeva P, Shiryaev A, Voitova A, Linkov K, Pisareva T, Reshetov I, Loschenov V.Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023 Jun;42:103566. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103566. Epub 2023 Apr 12.PMID: 37059163
BACKGROUND: The study aims to develop a method for phototheranostics of tumors in the near-infrared (NIR) range using protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizers (PSs) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phototheranostics includes spectral fluorescence diagnos …
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Colombo E, Signore A, Aicardi S, Zekiy A, Utyuzh A, Benedicenti S, Amaroli A.Biomedicines. 2021 Mar 9;9(3):274. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030274.PMID: 33803396 Free PMC article. Review.
Disease risk factors can lead to their unbalanced homeostasis, known as endothelial dysfunction. Red and near-infrared light can interact with animal cells and modulate their metabolism upon interaction with mitochondria's cytochromes, which leads to i …
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Tang XL, Wu J, Lin BL, Cui S, Liu HM, Yu RT, Shen XD, Wang TW, Xia W.Acta Biomater. 2018 Jul 1;74:360-373. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 May 12.PMID: 29763715
Herein, to overcome the limited tissue penetration in traditional PDT, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated NaScF(4): 40% Yb, 2% Er@CaF(2) upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP) is successfully designed and synthesized. ...Thus, this nanoplatform holds pote …
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Phypers R, Berisha-Muharremi V, Hanna R.J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 24;13(23):7101. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237101.PMID: 39685560 Free PMC article.
The present clinical case series study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multiple wavelengths of red and near-infrared (NIR) laser photobiomodulation (PBM) for increasing the potential of fertility in women and improving reproductive health in unexplained inf …
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Effect of infrared and red monochromatic light on equine wound healing.
Michanek P, Toth T, Bergström E, Treffenberg-Pettersson H, Bergh A.Equine Vet J. 2021 Jan;53(1):143-148. doi: 10.1111/evj.13266. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32285517
OBJECTIVES: To investigate if treatment with pulsating visible red light (lambda 637 nm) and near-infrared (NIR) light (lambda 956 nm) affects wound healing. ...CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not indicate any clinically relevant posit …
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Liu W, Sun Y, Zhou B, Chen Y, Liu M, Wang L, Qi M, Liu B, Dong B.J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Jun;663:834-846. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.179. Epub 2024 Mar 2.PMID: 38447398
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is highly effective in killing bacteria, while the problem of hypoxia and limited light penetration in deep tissue has not been properly solved. ...When exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light (980 nm), the …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Qu J, Zhang R, Qu J.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2025 Jan;262:113086. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113086. Epub 2024 Dec 21.PMID: 39724841
Cholesterol dysregulation, disorder of neuronal membrane lipid packing, and lipid rafts lead to the synthesis and accumulation of toxic amyloid-beta (Abeta), contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study shows that near-infrared (NIR) transc …
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL Jr, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T.Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Nov 28. doi: 10.1089/pho.2018.4489. Online ahead of print.PMID: 30418082
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. ...MATERIA …
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Male facial rejuvenation using a combination 633, 830, and 1072 nm LED face mask.
Mineroff J, Austin E, Feit E, Ho A, Lowe B, Marson J, Mojeski J, Wechter T, Nguyen JK, Jagdeo J.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Nov;315(9):2605-2611. doi: 10.1007/s00403-023-02663-w. Epub 2023 Jul 7.PMID: 37418018
However, men's aesthetics remains an underserved market. A combined red light (RL) and near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) has been designed specifically to target male skin, which may have different physiological and biophysical prop …
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Chernoff G.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023 Mar;22 Suppl 1:15-27. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15695.PMID: 36988469
The patients were then treated with high-intensity LED therapy (SaltFacial, SaltMed, Cardiff, CA), utilizing the collagen restoration preset program of combination red (660 nm) near-infrared (930 nm) wavelength for 20 min. ...
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Rapid Biofilm Eradication on Bone Implants Using Red Phosphorus and Near-Infrared Light.
Tan L, Li J, Liu X, Cui Z, Yang X, Zhu S, Li Z, Yuan X, Zheng Y, Yeung KWK, Pan H, Wang X, Wu S.Adv Mater. 2018 Aug;30(31):e1801808. doi: 10.1002/adma.201801808. Epub 2018 Jun 19.PMID: 29923229
The red phosphorus has great biocompatibility and exhibits efficient photothermal ability. ...Without damaging the normal tissue, the biofilm can be eradicated through a safe near-infrared (808 nm) photothermal therapy at 50 C in vitro and in vivo. Thi …
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Gupta A, Dai T, Hamblin MR.Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Jan;29(1):257-65. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1319-0. Epub 2013 Apr 26.PMID: 23619627 Free PMC article.
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) promotes wound healing, reduces pain and inflammation, and prevents tissue death. ...In the present study, the healing effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths of light in the red and near-infra …
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG.Eye (Lond). 2024 Sep;38(13):2499-2501. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03091-4. Epub 2024 May 3.PMID: 38702514 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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Palmisano B, Vecchio AD, Passaretti A, Stefano A, Miracolo G, Farinacci G, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Romeo U, Cicconetti A.Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Oct 1;39(1):247. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04180-2.PMID: 39349883 Free PMC article.
Cells were irradiated with a combined red/near-infrared (NIR) laser following different schedules and expression of osteogenic, matrix-related, osteoclastogenic and inflammatory genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR.Gene expression analysis revealed no overa …
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Swiatczak B, Schaeffel F.Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2024 Jul;44(5):954-962. doi: 10.1111/opo.13311. Epub 2024 Apr 1.PMID: 38557968
PURPOSE: To determine whether visible light is needed to elicit axial eye shortening by exposure to long wavelength light. METHODS: Incoherent narrow-band red (620 10 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 875 30 nm) light was generated by an array o …
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Oyebode O, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H.Cell Biochem Funct. 2021 Jul;39(5):596-612. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3629. Epub 2021 Apr 18.PMID: 33870502 Review.
Irradiation of cells generates a photobiomodulatory response on cells and tissues, directly causing alteration of cellular processes and inducing diabetic wound repair. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is …
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Near Infrared Light Sensitive Ultraviolet-Blue Nanophotoswitch for Imaging-Guided "Off-On" Therapy.
Zuo J, Tu L, Li Q, Feng Y, Que I, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xue B, Cruz LJ, Chang Y, Zhang H, Kong X.ACS Nano. 2018 Apr 24;12(4):3217-3225. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07393. Epub 2018 Mar 2.PMID: 29489327
A prominent UV-blue emission from Tm(3+) is turned on upon 980 nm excitation, which can be completely turned off by 800 nm light. The quasi-monochromatic red upconversion emission upon 800 nm excitation-a distinct feature of undoping NaErF(4) upconversion system-end …
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wu J, Yan R, Guo C, Jin Y.ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020 Sep 21;3(9):5813-5823. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00545. Epub 2020 Aug 11.PMID: 35021811
This paper designed and prepared an upconversion nanoplatform that could effectively convert 808 nm NIR light to red and green light emission, both of which could excite photosensitizers and exert the PDT curative effects. A thin layer of mesoporous silica co …
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Soliman J, Elsanadi R, Messele F, Kelly KM.Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Mar 27;39(1):94. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04042-x.PMID: 38532146 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
Objective of the study is to assess the effects of wound healing with a commercially available light emitting diode (LED) photo biomodulation (PBM) device that emits three wavelengths (465, 640 and 880nm) after ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment to healthy skin on t …
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Near infra-red light attenuates corneal endothelial cell dysfunction in situ and in vitro.
Núñez-Álvarez C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Merayo-Lloves J, Osborne NN.Exp Eye Res. 2017 Aug;161:106-115. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.008. Epub 2017 Jun 13.PMID: 28619506
This damage was clearly attenuated when red light was focused through the pupil during the insult of raised IOP. Moreover, staining of endothelium with JC-1 dye showed mitochondria to be activated by both elevated IOP and red light but the activation o …
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Giacci MK, Hart NS, Hartz RV, Harvey AR, Hodgetts SI, Fitzgerald M.J Vis Exp. 2015 Mar 21;(97):52221. doi: 10.3791/52221.PMID: 25867757 Free PMC article.
Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT), delivered by laser or light emitting diode (LED), improves functional and morphological outcomes in a range of central nervous system injuries in vivo, possibly by reducing oxidative stress. ... …
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Photobiomodulation (low-level light therapy) and dry eye disease.
Markoulli M, Chandramohan N, Papas EB.Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Jul;104(5):561-566. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878866. Epub 2021 Feb 27.PMID: 33689636 Free article.
Treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction aim to restore tear film homoeostasis and include warm compress therapy, eyelid hygiene, in-office meibomian gland expression and lipid-containing, artificial tears. A recent introduction to the in-office treatments available for …
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The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy.
Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK, Huang YY, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR.Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Feb;40(2):516-33. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7. Epub 2011 Nov 2.PMID: 22045511 Free PMC article. Review.
In recent years the field sometimes known as photobiomodulation has broadened to include light-emitting diodes and other light sources, and the range of wavelengths used now includes many in the red and near infrared. ...Serious life-threatening …
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Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring.
Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR.Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Mar;32(1):41-52.PMID: 24049929 Free PMC article. Review.
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. Although skin is naturally exposed to light more tha …
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Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Controlling Onset and Progression of Myopia-a Review.
Zhu Q, Cao X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Xue L.Int J Med Sci. 2023 Sep 4;20(10):1363-1376. doi: 10.7150/ijms.85746. eCollection 2023.PMID: 37786442 Free PMC article. Review.
Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL), characterized by increased energy supply and cellular metabolism, thus enhancing metabolic repair processes, has gained persistent worldwide attention in recent years as a new novel scientific approach for therapeutic application …
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Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy.
Glass GE.Aesthet Surg J. 2021 May 18;41(6):723-738. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjab025.PMID: 33471046 Review.
The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy, a process termed "photobiomodulation," enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, and attenuates oxidative stress. ...RESULTS: A reasonable body of clinical tria …
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review.
Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rasta SH, Hamblin MR.Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6601-6636. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4. Epub 2018 Jan 11.PMID: 29327206 Free PMC article. Review.
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondr …
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Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia.
Tantiyavarong J, Charoensuksira S, Meephansan J, Hanvivattanakul S, Rayanasukha Y, Boonkoom T, Tantisantisom K.Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2024 Nov;40(6):e13004. doi: 10.1111/phpp.13004.PMID: 39368074 Clinical Trial.
While current treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have efficacy limitations and side effects, low-level light therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared light has emerged as a promising alternative. ...Notably, the red LED …
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Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation.
Tsai SR, Hamblin MR.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 May;170:197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 Apr 13.PMID: 28441605 Free PMC article. Review.
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and 100,000nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengt …
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Photobiomodulation CME part II: Clinical applications in dermatology.
Mineroff J, Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Lim HW, Kohli I, Jagdeo J.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Nov;91(5):805-815. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.074. Epub 2024 Feb 1.PMID: 38307144 Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology with increasing office and home-based use. PBM is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrum as a form of l …
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Marinho MAG, Marques MDS, Cordeiro MF, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D, Horn AP.Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2022;22(17):2985-2997. doi: 10.2174/1871520622666220425093657.PMID: 35469576
OBJECTIVE: Our work aimed to carry out a qualitative systematic review to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a molecule considered as PS of natural origin, on PDT, using red light or near-infrared radiation in tumor models. METHODS: A systemati …
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Photobiomodulation CME part I: Overview and mechanism of action.
Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J, Jagdeo J, Kohli I, Lim HW.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Nov;91(5):793-802. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.073. Epub 2024 Feb 1.PMID: 38309304 Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM), previously known as low-level laser light therapy, represents a noninvasive form of phototherapy that utilizes wavelengths in the red light (RL, 620-700 nm) portion of the visible light (VL, 400-700 nm) spectrum and the …
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Red and Near-Infrared Light-Cleavable Polymers.
Zeng X, Zhou X, Wu S.Macromol Rapid Commun. 2018 Jul;39(14):e1800034. doi: 10.1002/marc.201800034. Epub 2018 Jul 20.PMID: 29682838 Review.
Photocleavable polymers have attracted much attention in drug delivery, photopatterning, and controlling cell behavior. Photolysis is usually induced by UV light. However, UV light cannot penetrate deeply into biological tissue and may damage biological components. …
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Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation.
Hamblin MR.Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):199-212. doi: 10.1111/php.12864. Epub 2018 Jan 19.PMID: 29164625 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as …
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Photodynamic therapy in endodontics.
Plotino G, Grande NM, Mercade M.Int Endod J. 2019 Jun;52(6):760-774. doi: 10.1111/iej.13057. Epub 2018 Dec 25.PMID: 30548497 Review.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in endodontics. ...The concept of photodyna …
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Yaralı Çevik ZB, Karaman O, Topaloğlu N.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2023 Jan;238:112615. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112615. Epub 2022 Dec 2.PMID: 36493718
One of the novel strategies for bone tissue regeneration is photobiomodulation (PBM) which depends on the red and near-infrared light absorption by mitochondria and may trigger bone tissue regeneration via the production of intracellular ROS and ATP, N …
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Photobiomodulation: lasers vs. light emitting diodes?
Heiskanen V, Hamblin MR.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018 Aug 8;17(8):1003-1017. doi: 10.1039/c8pp90049c.PMID: 30044464 Free PMC article.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a treatment method based on research findings showing that irradiation with certain wavelengths of red or near-infrared light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in cells, tissues, animals and humans. …
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A clinical review of phototherapy for psoriasis.
Zhang P, Wu MX.Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Jan;33(1):173-180. doi: 10.1007/s10103-017-2360-1. Epub 2017 Oct 24.PMID: 29067616 Free PMC article. Review.
In the past several decades, phototherapy has been widely used to treat stable psoriatic lesions, including trunk, scalp, arms and legs, and partial nail psoriasis. A variety of light/lasers with different mechanisms of action have been developed for psoriasis including ul …
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Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation.
Hamblin MR.AIMS Biophys. 2017;4(3):337-361. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337. Epub 2017 May 19.PMID: 28748217 Free PMC article.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. ...There is a pronounced biphasic dose response whereby low levels of …
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Lee SY, Lee R, Kim E, Lee S, Park YI.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Apr 16;8:275. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00275. eCollection 2020.PMID: 32373598 Free PMC article.
Elucidation of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can be excited by near-infrared (NIR) light is an interesting topic in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the PDT efficiency of conventional UCNPs is limited due to the low quantum y …
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Effects of red and near-infrared LED light therapy on full-thickness skin graft in rats.
Martignago CCS, Tim CR, Assis L, Da Silva VR, Santos ECBD, Vieira FN, Parizotto NA, Liebano RE.Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Feb;35(1):157-164. doi: 10.1007/s10103-019-02812-6. Epub 2019 Jun 5.PMID: 31168678
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo response of different wavelengths (red and near-infrared) of light-emitting diode (LED) on full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG) in rats. Thirty rats were randomly allocated into three experimental g …
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Moradi A, Ghaffari Novin M, Bayat M.Reprod Sci. 2024 Nov;31(11):3275-3302. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01657-x. Epub 2024 Aug 2.PMID: 39095677
This systematic review's main idea is a comprehensive appraisal of the literatures on subjects of PBMT consequences in four light ranges wavelength (blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR)) on sperm cell characteristics, in vitro and in vivo. ...Also, se …
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Engineered bacteria for near-infrared light-inducible expression of cancer therapeutics.
Qiao L, Niu L, Wang Z, Deng Z, Di D, Ma X, Zhou Y, Kong D, Wang Q, Yin J, Jin L, Sun J, Feng B, Lu W, Cai F, Guan N, Ye H.Nat Cancer. 2025 Apr;6(4):612-628. doi: 10.1038/s43018-025-00932-3. Epub 2025 Mar 17.PMID: 40097656
Bacteria-based therapies hold great promise for cancer treatment due to their selective tumor colonization and proliferation. However, clinical application is hindered by the need for safe, precise control systems to regulate local therapeutic payload expression and releas …
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Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?
Ferraresi C, Huang YY, Hamblin MR.J Biophotonics. 2016 Dec;9(11-12):1273-1299. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201600176. Epub 2016 Nov 22.PMID: 27874264 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sport …
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Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke.
Hamblin MR.J Neurosci Res. 2018 Apr;96(4):731-743. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24190. Epub 2017 Nov 13.PMID: 29131369 Free PMC article. Review.
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dy …
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Naeser MA, Martin PI, Ho MD, Krengel MH, Bogdanova Y, Knight JA, Yee MK, Zafonte R, Frazier J, Hamblin MR, Koo BB.Photomed Laser Surg. 2016 Dec;34(12):610-626. doi: 10.1089/pho.2015.4037.PMID: 28001756 Review.
We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the …
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Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders.
Hamblin MR.BBA Clin. 2016 Oct 1;6:113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002. eCollection 2016 Dec.PMID: 27752476 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. ...In this transcranial PBM (tPBM) application, n …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Garmanchuk LV, Stepanova LI, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY.J Cell Physiol. 2019 Sep;234(9):15989-16002. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28257. Epub 2019 Feb 11.PMID: 30741423
Red and near-infrared (NIR) light effect on Ca(2+) ions flux through the influence on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and their functioning in HeLa cells was studied in vitro. ...The laser light was found to elevate Ca(2+) influx into ce …
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Stepanov YV, Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Garmanchuk LV, Gorbach O, Stepanova LI, Khranovska N, Ostapchenko LI, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2022 Feb;227:112388. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112388. Epub 2022 Jan 12.PMID: 35074677
Irradiation with red or near-infrared (NIR) light in low level light therapy (LLLT) is found to stimulate cellular processes and bioenergetics, resulting in enhanced wound healing, pain control, neurodegenerative diseases treatment, etc. …
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Therapeutic effect and mechanism of far-red/near-infrared light on lens-induced myopia Guinea pigs.
Ding J, Wang X, Cao F, Gao Y, Wang C, Xu T, Ni Q, Bao N, Chen L, Tao L, Liu D.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Sep 1;777:152282. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152282. Epub 2025 Jul 1.PMID: 40614322
PURPOSE: In order to providing an experimental and theoretical bases for the clinical application of FR/NIR in myopia treatment, this work investigated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of far-red/near-infrared light (FR/NIR) intervent …
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Heiskanen V, Pfiffner M, Partonen T.Ageing Res Rev. 2020 Aug;61:101089. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101089. Epub 2020 May 25.PMID: 32464190 Review.
In this review, we present tentative evidence showing that red and near-infrared light, both being present in sunlight, could explain the associations between sunlight exposure and better health status. Body irradiation with red and near- …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Stepanova LI, Qu J, Ohulchanskyy TY.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Jan;214:112088. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112088. Epub 2020 Nov 21.PMID: 33278762
Low level light therapy uses light of specific wavelengths in red and near-infrared spectral range to treat various pathological conditions. This light is able to modulate biochemical cascade reactions in cells that can have import …
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Pixley JN, Chandy RJ, Richardson I, Jorizzo JL, Feldman SR.J Dermatolog Treat. 2023 Dec;34(1):2251619. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2251619.PMID: 37674258 Free article.
AIM: Low-level light therapy (LLLT) may offer an adjunctive therapeutic tool for inflammatory skin conditions. This pilot study assessed the efficacy of a red/near-infrared (NIR)-emitting fabric for psoriasis, polymorphous light eruption …
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Barolet AC, Litvinov IV, Barolet D.Nitric Oxide. 2021 Dec 1;117:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Sep 16.PMID: 34536586 Free article. Review.
However, with the likelihood of skin deleterious effects caused by UVR/blue light, safer wavelengths in the red/near-infrared (NIR) spectrum are becoming potential contenders to release cutaneous NO, possibly via NOS temperature-dependent effects. The …
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Towards translational optogenetics.
Bansal A, Shikha S, Zhang Y.Nat Biomed Eng. 2023 Apr;7(4):349-369. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00829-3. Epub 2022 Jan 13.PMID: 35027688 Review.
Optogenetics is widely used to interrogate the neural circuits underlying disease and has most recently been harnessed for therapeutic applications. The optogenetic toolkit consists of light-responsive proteins that modulate specific cellular functions, vectors for the del …
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Yadav A, Gupta A.Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017 Jan;33(1):4-13. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12282.PMID: 27943458 Review.
This review will describe the physical properties of red and near-infrared light and their interaction with skin and highlight their efficacy of wound repair and regeneration. Near-infrared (800-830 nm) was found to be the most effective …
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Development of Ruthenium Nanophotocages with Red or Near-Infrared Light-Responsiveness.
Zhang Z, He M, Wang R, Fan J, Peng X, Sun W.Chembiochem. 2023 Dec 14;24(24):e202300606. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202300606. Epub 2023 Oct 25.PMID: 37837285 Review.
The development of light-triggered ruthenium (Ru) nanophotocages has revolutionized conventional methods of drug administration, thereby facilitating cancer therapy in a noninvasive and temperate manner. ...Simultaneously, this process is accompanied by the generati …
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Transcranial red and near infrared light transmission in a cadaveric model.
Jagdeo JR, Adams LE, Brody NI, Siegel DM.PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047460. Epub 2012 Oct 15.PMID: 23077622 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low level light therapy has garnered significant interest within the past decade. The exact molecular mechanisms of how red and near infrared light result in physiologic modulation are not fully understood. ...Se …
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Evidence-based consensus on the clinical application of photobiomodulation.
Maghfour J, Mineroff J, Ozog DM, Jagdeo J, Lim HW, Kohli I, Anderson R, Kelly KM, Mamalis A, Munavalli G, Cleber F, Siegel D, Geneva I, Weiss R, Morita A, Juanita A, Goldman MP, Arany PR, Sliney D, Ibrahimi OA, Chopp M, Esmat S, Tuner J.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025 Aug;93(2):429-443. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2025.04.031. Epub 2025 Apr 17.PMID: 40253006 Free article.
The key findings that informed the consensus developed by the expert panel were as follows: PBM is a safe treatment modality for adult patients and red light PBM does not induce DNA damage. PBM is an effective treatment option for peripheral neuropathy, androgenic a …
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Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Nano-Therapeutics and Photo-Thermal Evaluation.
Vats M, Mishra SK, Baghini MS, Chauhan DS, Srivastava R, De A.Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 28;18(5):924. doi: 10.3390/ijms18050924.PMID: 28452928 Free PMC article. Review.
To achieve the aforementioned objectives, there is a need to optimize design considerations in order to not only obtain an effective imaging agent but to also achieve attributes like favorable water solubility, biocompatibility, high molecular brightness, and a tissue specific ta …
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL Jr, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T.Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019 Feb;37(2):77-84. doi: 10.1089/photob.2018.4489.PMID: 31050928 Free PMC article.
Objective: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. ...Materia …
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Visible Blue Light Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.
Garza ZCF, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW, Liebmann J.Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(40):5564-5577. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206.PMID: 28748760 Review.
Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum. ...METHODS: The lit …
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Wang K, Zhao H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Cheng Y, Ge J.Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2433684. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2433684. Epub 2024 Nov 28.PMID: 39607829 Free PMC article. Review.
Photobiomodulation (PBM), which utilizes low levels of red or near-infrared laser to irradiate cells and tissues, has been shown to be efficacious for a wide range of organ damage. ...
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A new perspective on delivery of red-near-infrared light therapy for disorders of the brain.
Hart NS, Fitzgerald M.Discov Med. 2016 Sep;22(120):147-156.PMID: 27755969 Free article.
Red-near-infrared light has been used for a range of therapeutic purposes. However, clinical trials of near-infrared laser light for treatment of stroke were abandoned after failing interim futility analyses. ...Importantly, natura …
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The effect of red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) irradiation on inflammatory processes.
Walski T, Dąbrowska K, Drohomirecka A, Jędruchniewicz N, Trochanowska-Pauk N, Witkiewicz W, Komorowska M.Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Sep;95(9):1326-1336. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625464. Epub 2019 Aug 7.PMID: 31170016 Review.
Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) and red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) radiation are increasingly applied for therapeutic use. ...Methods: In this review, we discuss the potential effects of exposure to R/NIR light on immune cells in the cont …
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Quirk B, Whelan HT.Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2021 Jul;39(7):463-470. doi: 10.1089/photob.2020.4978. Epub 2021 Jun 10.PMID: 34115530 Free article.
Background: Most theories of photobiomodulation (PBM) involve the enzyme CCO as a cellular target for red-to-near infrared light (R-NIR) irradiation. Attempts to measure the effect of irradiation on the kinetics of CCO have failed to demonstrate a sign …
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Johnstone DM, Moro C, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J.Front Neurosci. 2016 Jan 11;9:500. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00500. eCollection 2015.PMID: 26793049 Free PMC article. Review.
They develop after a progressive death of many neurons in the brain. Although therapies are available to treat the signs and symptoms of both diseases, the progression of neuronal death remains relentless, and it has proved difficult to slow or stop. Hence, there is a need …
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Near-infrared phototheranostics of tumors with protoporphyrin IX and chlorin e6 photosensitizers.
Efendiev K, Alekseeva P, Shiryaev A, Voitova A, Linkov K, Pisareva T, Reshetov I, Loschenov V.Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023 Jun;42:103566. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103566. Epub 2023 Apr 12.PMID: 37059163
BACKGROUND: The study aims to develop a method for phototheranostics of tumors in the near-infrared (NIR) range using protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizers (PSs) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phototheranostics includes spectral fluorescence diagnos …
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Colombo E, Signore A, Aicardi S, Zekiy A, Utyuzh A, Benedicenti S, Amaroli A.Biomedicines. 2021 Mar 9;9(3):274. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030274.PMID: 33803396 Free PMC article. Review.
Disease risk factors can lead to their unbalanced homeostasis, known as endothelial dysfunction. Red and near-infrared light can interact with animal cells and modulate their metabolism upon interaction with mitochondria's cytochromes, which leads to i …
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Tang XL, Wu J, Lin BL, Cui S, Liu HM, Yu RT, Shen XD, Wang TW, Xia W.Acta Biomater. 2018 Jul 1;74:360-373. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 May 12.PMID: 29763715
Herein, to overcome the limited tissue penetration in traditional PDT, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated NaScF(4): 40% Yb, 2% Er@CaF(2) upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP) is successfully designed and synthesized. ...Thus, this nanoplatform holds pote …
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Phypers R, Berisha-Muharremi V, Hanna R.J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 24;13(23):7101. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237101.PMID: 39685560 Free PMC article.
The present clinical case series study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multiple wavelengths of red and near-infrared (NIR) laser photobiomodulation (PBM) for increasing the potential of fertility in women and improving reproductive health in unexplained inf …
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Effect of infrared and red monochromatic light on equine wound healing.
Michanek P, Toth T, Bergström E, Treffenberg-Pettersson H, Bergh A.Equine Vet J. 2021 Jan;53(1):143-148. doi: 10.1111/evj.13266. Epub 2020 Apr 24.PMID: 32285517
OBJECTIVES: To investigate if treatment with pulsating visible red light (lambda 637 nm) and near-infrared (NIR) light (lambda 956 nm) affects wound healing. ...CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not indicate any clinically relevant posit …
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Liu W, Sun Y, Zhou B, Chen Y, Liu M, Wang L, Qi M, Liu B, Dong B.J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Jun;663:834-846. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.179. Epub 2024 Mar 2.PMID: 38447398
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is highly effective in killing bacteria, while the problem of hypoxia and limited light penetration in deep tissue has not been properly solved. ...When exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light (980 nm), the …
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Golovynska I, Golovynskyi S, Stepanov YV, Qu J, Zhang R, Qu J.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2025 Jan;262:113086. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113086. Epub 2024 Dec 21.PMID: 39724841
Cholesterol dysregulation, disorder of neuronal membrane lipid packing, and lipid rafts lead to the synthesis and accumulation of toxic amyloid-beta (Abeta), contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study shows that near-infrared (NIR) transc …
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL Jr, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T.Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Nov 28. doi: 10.1089/pho.2018.4489. Online ahead of print.PMID: 30418082
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. ...MATERIA …
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Male facial rejuvenation using a combination 633, 830, and 1072 nm LED face mask.
Mineroff J, Austin E, Feit E, Ho A, Lowe B, Marson J, Mojeski J, Wechter T, Nguyen JK, Jagdeo J.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Nov;315(9):2605-2611. doi: 10.1007/s00403-023-02663-w. Epub 2023 Jul 7.PMID: 37418018
However, men's aesthetics remains an underserved market. A combined red light (RL) and near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) has been designed specifically to target male skin, which may have different physiological and biophysical prop …
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Chernoff G.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023 Mar;22 Suppl 1:15-27. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15695.PMID: 36988469
The patients were then treated with high-intensity LED therapy (SaltFacial, SaltMed, Cardiff, CA), utilizing the collagen restoration preset program of combination red (660 nm) near-infrared (930 nm) wavelength for 20 min. ...
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Rapid Biofilm Eradication on Bone Implants Using Red Phosphorus and Near-Infrared Light.
Tan L, Li J, Liu X, Cui Z, Yang X, Zhu S, Li Z, Yuan X, Zheng Y, Yeung KWK, Pan H, Wang X, Wu S.Adv Mater. 2018 Aug;30(31):e1801808. doi: 10.1002/adma.201801808. Epub 2018 Jun 19.PMID: 29923229
The red phosphorus has great biocompatibility and exhibits efficient photothermal ability. ...Without damaging the normal tissue, the biofilm can be eradicated through a safe near-infrared (808 nm) photothermal therapy at 50 C in vitro and in vivo. Thi …
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Gupta A, Dai T, Hamblin MR.Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Jan;29(1):257-65. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1319-0. Epub 2013 Apr 26.PMID: 23619627 Free PMC article.
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) promotes wound healing, reduces pain and inflammation, and prevents tissue death. ...In the present study, the healing effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths of light in the red and near-infra …
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG.Eye (Lond). 2024 Sep;38(13):2499-2501. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03091-4. Epub 2024 May 3.PMID: 38702514 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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Palmisano B, Vecchio AD, Passaretti A, Stefano A, Miracolo G, Farinacci G, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Romeo U, Cicconetti A.Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Oct 1;39(1):247. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04180-2.PMID: 39349883 Free PMC article.
Cells were irradiated with a combined red/near-infrared (NIR) laser following different schedules and expression of osteogenic, matrix-related, osteoclastogenic and inflammatory genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR.Gene expression analysis revealed no overa …
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Swiatczak B, Schaeffel F.Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2024 Jul;44(5):954-962. doi: 10.1111/opo.13311. Epub 2024 Apr 1.PMID: 38557968
PURPOSE: To determine whether visible light is needed to elicit axial eye shortening by exposure to long wavelength light. METHODS: Incoherent narrow-band red (620 10 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 875 30 nm) light was generated by an array o …
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Oyebode O, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H.Cell Biochem Funct. 2021 Jul;39(5):596-612. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3629. Epub 2021 Apr 18.PMID: 33870502 Review.
Irradiation of cells generates a photobiomodulatory response on cells and tissues, directly causing alteration of cellular processes and inducing diabetic wound repair. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is …
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Near Infrared Light Sensitive Ultraviolet-Blue Nanophotoswitch for Imaging-Guided "Off-On" Therapy.
Zuo J, Tu L, Li Q, Feng Y, Que I, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xue B, Cruz LJ, Chang Y, Zhang H, Kong X.ACS Nano. 2018 Apr 24;12(4):3217-3225. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07393. Epub 2018 Mar 2.PMID: 29489327
A prominent UV-blue emission from Tm(3+) is turned on upon 980 nm excitation, which can be completely turned off by 800 nm light. The quasi-monochromatic red upconversion emission upon 800 nm excitation-a distinct feature of undoping NaErF(4) upconversion system-end …
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wu J, Yan R, Guo C, Jin Y.ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020 Sep 21;3(9):5813-5823. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00545. Epub 2020 Aug 11.PMID: 35021811
This paper designed and prepared an upconversion nanoplatform that could effectively convert 808 nm NIR light to red and green light emission, both of which could excite photosensitizers and exert the PDT curative effects. A thin layer of mesoporous silica co …
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Soliman J, Elsanadi R, Messele F, Kelly KM.Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Mar 27;39(1):94. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04042-x.PMID: 38532146 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
Objective of the study is to assess the effects of wound healing with a commercially available light emitting diode (LED) photo biomodulation (PBM) device that emits three wavelengths (465, 640 and 880nm) after ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment to healthy skin on t …
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Near infra-red light attenuates corneal endothelial cell dysfunction in situ and in vitro.
Núñez-Álvarez C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Merayo-Lloves J, Osborne NN.Exp Eye Res. 2017 Aug;161:106-115. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.008. Epub 2017 Jun 13.PMID: 28619506
This damage was clearly attenuated when red light was focused through the pupil during the insult of raised IOP. Moreover, staining of endothelium with JC-1 dye showed mitochondria to be activated by both elevated IOP and red light but the activation o …
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Giacci MK, Hart NS, Hartz RV, Harvey AR, Hodgetts SI, Fitzgerald M.J Vis Exp. 2015 Mar 21;(97):52221. doi: 10.3791/52221.PMID: 25867757 Free PMC article.
Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT), delivered by laser or light emitting diode (LED), improves functional and morphological outcomes in a range of central nervous system injuries in vivo, possibly by reducing oxidative stress. ... …